Abstract The mechanisms underlying polyandry and female mate choice in certain taxonomic groups remain widely debated.In elasmobranchs, several species have shown varying rates of polyandry based on genetic studies of multiple paternity (MP).We investigated MP in the finetooth shark, Carcharhinus isodon, in order to directly test the encounter rate

Phosphophoryn (PP) is generated from the proteolytic cleavage of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP).Gene duplications in the ancestor dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) genomic sequence created the DSPP gene in toothed animals.PP and DMP-1 are phosphorylated extracellular matrix proteins that belong to the family of small integrin-binding ligand N-link

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are among the most important causes of severe respiratory disease worldwide.Despite the clinical need, barriers to developing reliably effective vaccines against these viruses have remained firmly in place for decades.Overcoming these hurdles requires better understanding of human immunity and the str

With modern video games frequently featuring sophisticated and realistic environments, the need for smart and comprehensive agents that understand the various aspects of complex environments is pressing.Since video game AI is often specifically designed for each game, video game AI tools currently focus on allowing video game developers to quickly

Questions of the quality of computer-based models and the formal processes of model testing, involving internal verification and external validation, are usually given only passing attention in engineering reports and in technical publications.However, such models frequently provide a basis for analysis methods, design Accounting and Analytical Sup